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Lt.
Kernal Installation:
This section
describes how to install the Lt. Kernal
Host Adapter in a Commodore 64 and Commodore
128 computer. This section describe installation of the Xetec
Host Adapter Rev B or Rev C and explains where
wires are connected from the Host Adapter to inside the Commodore.
Of course, to make these connections, it's
assumed that you know your way around the
inside the computer and can locate integrated
circuits. It's also assumed that you have
a respect for what Static charges can do to
CMOS ICs and that you'll follow normal Grounding
procedures when working with electronic components.
As mentioned in
the previous section, one of the key
designs of the Lt. Kernal is the use of Shadow
RAM. In order for Shadow RAM to
work properly, control lines must be
connected between the Host Adapter and
Commodore. Therefore, we'll explain which
control lines are used and where the
connections are made.
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C64/64C
Hookup:
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If
you have the LTK manual, it
describes in detail how to
connect the system to a C64 computer
(PDF Manual is in Files section). The manual provides
diagrams of the common Models of
C64. Although the manual
does not refer to the new 64C, it does refer to the "smaller, 5"
wide" board. The procedure below, however, simply describes where you
need to make connections. So, to start,
you'll need to remove the three
bottom screws (Phillips or Torx-10) and lift the top half of
the computer. If your C64 has a
heat-sink metal cover,
temporarily remove this as
well.
The
drawing on the left shows the
Host Adapter. Near the edge
connect, there are two sets of
90-degree Header plugs (P2 &
P1, only P1 is shown). For now,
will just say that the 4-pin P2
header selects either
I/O-1 or
I/O-2. The Stock configuration
for a C64 in NON-CP/M
Mode is to jumper the two pins
furthest from P1 (pins 1&2
on the right of P2). This sets I/O-2
operation and is for Non-CP/M
mode.
NOTE: Xetec Host Adapter Rev. B did not have the
ability to switch between I/O
1 & 2 (no Header P1) - it was fixed
at I/O-2. However, you can change to
I/O-1 by modifying the Rev. B Host Adapter board by cutting
circuit trace and adding a
jumper wire. This
modification covered in the Manual, page 2-18 (in FILES section).
SPECIAL NOTE:
If you want to connect
a Swiftlink or Turbo232 High-Speed Modem interface cartridge, there
are two requirements. First, you'll need a Port Expander (e.g.,
CMD EX2+1 is best) and configure either the Host Adapter I/O
port selection or the Swiftlink/Turbo232 cartridge so there's no I/O
port conflicts (Commodore I/O-1 uses DE00 - DEFF while I/O-2 uses DF00
- DFFF). The Turbo232 has internal jumpers for I/O-1, I/O-2,
*NMI and *IRQ selection (which means you can use ANY Port Expander). Also,
ensure that the Host Adapter and Swiftlink/Turbo cartridge are both powered
on the Port Expander board.
Keep in mind that because the Lt. Kernal was designed with I/O Port Selection,
you can use Other Cartridges besides the SwiftLink/Turbo at the same time! I also use a BusCard-II and
FLASH IEEE cartridge for accessing files on my SFD-1001 and 8250 drives. The
point is that first determine if the Cartridge you want to use makes a selection
of a Commodore I/O port. You can either change that cartridge selection
(like TurboLink jumpers) or change the Lt. Kernal to I/O-1 port. The
LtK doesn't care which I/O port it runs on.
Also, if you don't have access to a CMD EX2+1 Expanded (which has switches
to select I/O ports, *NMI, *IRQ), read the PATCH file (in the FILES section)
on using the Syles IEEE FLASH cartridge). It explains how to modify
Any Port Expander (easy - cut trace, add jumper wire).
For
C64/64C installs, there are two
things you need to do correctly
on the 10-pin header P1. First,
make sure that jumpers plugs
are installed on P1 Header as shown
(from right, pins 1-2 and pins
5-6)! Secondly, there are only
two sets of Headers pins you need
to connect to inside the C64;
HIRAM and CAEC.
- HIRAM connects
to PIN 28 of
the 6510 MPU (C64 - All
Rev)
- HIRAM
connects to PIN 28 of
the 8500 MPU (short board C64s & 64C,
either Rev)
- Some
older 64C computers
use a 6510 MPU
- CAEC
connects to PIN 5 of
the 6510 MPU (All C64 Rev)
- CAEC
(AEC) connects to PIN
5 of the 8500 MPU (64C,
either Rev)
- Some
older 64C computers
use a 6510 MPU - PIN 5
With
the Host Adapter resting on a
table and the edge connector
facing you, P1 is the 10-pin
Header on the left. The far left
two pins (pins 9-10) are
HIRAM (connect to pin 28
of 6510 or 8500). The 2nd pair of
pins from the right (pins 3-4)
are CAEC (connect to pin 5
of 6510 or 8500). How do you
connect the lines?
Xetec
provided two cables, both of
which had 'mini-hooks' on one end with the other end soldered
to a Header Jumper Plug (w/ a solder
tab). The 'mini-hook' is actually the
easiest way to connect to ICs or
components. You can either buy 2
Mini-hooks and make your own
leads or buy ready-made mini-hook
test leads and cut the test lead in half.
Either way of making these
cables, each cable lenght should be
about 15 inches (for 64C, the
CAEC lead can be slightly longer).
When HIRAM is connected
to pins 9&10 of P1 and CAEC is connected to pins 3&4 of
P1, carefully close up the
C64, making sure not to pinch or
disconnect the lines. Now, ensure
that the Host Adapter is
completely seated into the Expansion
Port and that HIRAM & CAEC are connected
to the correct locations on Header P1.
You're DONE with the Host Adapter
installation of the system. It's
important that the
HIRAM and CAEC be properly
connected between the computer
and Host Adapter. These two lines
control switching of Shadow RAM
and, therefore, ensure proper
operation of the Lt. Kernal.
Installing
LK DOS software is covered in
that section. For installation of
Hard Drives, refer to that
section which also covers drive
formatting.
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C128
Hookup:
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The
LTK manual describes in detail
how to connect the system to a
C128 (and C128-D) computer (PDF Manual in Files section). The
manual provides locations of the
effected ICs (U7 & U11) and
where connections are made.
However, the following is a
short-cut installation explanation.
As with the C64, you'll have
to remove the bottom screws and
lift the top half of the computer.
The
photo on the left shows two
different types of additional
adapter boards (daughterboards)
that are only used for C128/C128D LTK
installation. The two boards are
functionally identical and only
reflect a new (Rev C) and older (Rev B) design.
Also, the smaller of the two
assemblies (Rev C) is sometimes called
the 'C-128D' board because the Rev
C board is the only one that will fit into the
C-128D. However, either board may
be used in a C-128(DE) computer!
First,
locate U7 (8722 MMU). Using a
small screwdriver (or IC
extractor), carefully remove U7
from the circuit board (note that
the Notch faces the front of the board).
Next, insert the 8722 into
the socket on the daughterboard
making sure the notch on the
IC matches the notch on the socket.
Now, install the daughterboard into
the C128's U7 socket (again, 8722
notch should be facing front of
board).
The
next step is to connect HIRAM.
Using a Mini-hook lead, connect
pin 23 of U11 (8721 PLA) to P2 on
the daughterboard. This completes
the C-128 internal connections.
On
the Host Adapter, remove all
Header jumpers Plugs from the 10-pin P1
(Host Adapter). Next plug-in one
end of a 10-pin IDC ribbon cable
with .100"-centers header connectors
to P1 of the Host Adapter and the
other end into P1 of the daughterboard.
Now, if you're wondering
about connector 'polarity',
consider that if you are looking
at the 'points' of the pins of either
P1 connector, pin 1 is on the right
side. Also, if you find that the ribbon
cable is too short for your
installation, make your own
cable. Using standard
10-conductor ribbon cable stock
of desired length, press-on a
standard IDC, .100"-center,
non-polarized double-row connector
on each end (e.g., Jameco # 138376). Then,
install this new cable, noting polarity
of pin-1 on both ends.
The
last thing you'll have to check
is the P2 connector on the Host
Adapter. If you are going to be
running in CP/M mode, set the
Host Adapter to I/O-1 mode. To do this,
move the header jumper from pins 1-2
(on right) to pins 3-4 (on left) on P2.
NOTE: Xetec Host Adapter Rev. B did not have
the ability to select between
I/O 1&2 (no Header P2).
However, you can modify the Rev. B
Host Adapter board by cutting
one circuit trace and adding
a jumper wire. This modification is covered in the Manual, page 2-18 (see
FILES section).
SPECIAL NOTE: Regarding the use of Swiftlink/Turbo232 and Other cartridges,
see the same note above in the C64/64C section.
Once
the daughterboard is installed
(into U7's socket), HIRAM is connected to pin
23 of U11, the 10-conductor
ribbon cable is connected between
P1 of the daughterboard & P1
of the Host Adapter and you've
set the jumpers of Host Adapters'
P2 header (CP/M or not), ...
you're DONE! Simply close-up the C128,
making sure not to pinch or disconnect
the HIRAM line or ribbon cable. Installing
LK DOS software is covered in that
section. For installation of Hard
Drives, refer to that section
which also covers drive
formatting.
NOTE FOR 1571 Drives: The
Lt. Kernal did not support the 'fast'
mode of the 1571 drive. If you
plan on using a 1571 drive with
either the C128 or C128D, you must
use a Xetec-supplied special Serial Cable
which disabled Fast mode (1571
operates at the Speed of a 1541 drive). If you
don't use the special cable,
directory listings and programs
will be scrambled. If you want to
take advantage of Fast Burst mode
on your C128 or C128D, an additional
modification is required. This
Mod was either already done on your C-128 at the factory or you can make
the Mod yourself. The modification is expalianed in the Manual, page
2-14.
Again,
it's important that the
Daughterboard & HIRAM are
properly connected between the
computer and Host Adapter. When the Lt.
Kernal is connected to the C128, it's
being used by Three different computers;
C64, C128 and CP/M! All
the more important that Shadow
RAM knows what and when to
operate.
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Top
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Lt.
Kernal Data Archive 2003-2007
/ Contact Author for Inquires
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